11 de junio de 2020

chapter two : speed texting


Speed texting





 
If you change the approach you really are after the heart and soul
 of the nation. Economics are the method;
the object is to change the heart and soul”
Margaret Thatcher [Sunday Times, 3 May 1981]
 
 

Today is 3 of May -2020- and I will do in next lines a speed texting about some news; one of them is how Matt Hancock, our Health and Social Care Secretary, sent thousands of tests to homes as if it were war drone propaganda. Kits delivered to houses without a return label.

The numbers: 39,753 lab tests. new lighthouse labs: 39,153 in drive-through centres etc. Home kits - 27,497 delivered. 12,872 delivered through satellite process. So the government DIDN'T hit its target of 100,000 tests being CARRIED OUT on April 30.” *
*vox political. 1 May, 2020

*The Tory government pledged to test 100,000+ people per day from the end of April. Yesterday the BBC and swathes of the mainstream media heralded their great success in reaching the kind of testing capacity that Germany managed a month ago. In reality their own figures admitted that 73,191 people were tested. Additionally, it's become clear that they changed the definition of 'test carried out" to include testing kits put in the post. Following the punk instructions of the 70’s, DIY.

So that's not even people receiving tests, let alone getting results, it's just the decision to rewrite the rules then fire out tens of thousands of self-test kits on the same day in order to save the Tory government from embarrassing itself. Any decent media would call this pathetic deception what it is, but the BBC were happy drilling their role in this deliberate half-truth campaign.

Here are two speed declarations by Matt Hancock* at the beginning of April;
*we’ve seen, very sadly, four doctors die so far and some nurses” 

* “We took very, very seriously what your father (Dr Chowdhury) said and we’ve been working around the clock to ensure that there’s enough protective equipment”

The Gov have been working hard around the clock while women and men have been working around people infected. The government never bearded in mind this because people for them are machines, hired clock workers. It seems that their cool-blooded minds were waiting for a trackable destruction.  

They have been working and they are working hardly in an accelerated dismantling of state healthcare which is being outsourced to the private sector as… Deloitte, KPMG, Serco, Sodexo, Mitie, Boots and the US data mining group Palantir and the extraordinarily dodgy Tory-linked data firm Faculty.

Friedrich Hayek “In Modern times there have of course
 been many instances of authoritarian governments under
which personal liberty was safer than under democracies”
 
It must be assumed that a practical intelligence as an evolutionary tool between humans has been clamped down long time ago. Like lavish praise to modernity and “developmentalism” attests. The twentieth century was the adaptation to the social forms of fear. I mean; almost 500 million of deaths caused by wars, holocaust, ideology… clearly intended to undermine the empowerment and advancement of people, obviously our civilization had crossed swiftly the line of its own horizon. In this paradise there is no trembling and nothing is feared. As a perpetual race towards The Paradise of the Artificial Intelligence.
 
Heal, heal, butt of a rat, if it doesn’t heal
 today, it’ll heal tomorrow


Heal, heal, butt of a rat, if it doesn’t heal
 today, it’ll heal tomorrow



tomorrow



tomorrow

to


t




I will compose another song-lyric...




 til when we are rambling around this smart machine?
til when this game drilling the children
in what they should say today?
Why not smart bruvs around the machine?
  

 
BOO BOO BYE BYE a long way to happycrazy lane



One can define to all this selfish willingness state; an “emotional democracy” in the finger buffet of the techno-scientific knowledge. But I merely call it —be another brick on the wall. A spade a spade. Squeeze your buttocks pal. A hunky-dory to safeguard obscene profits of bankers and soppy governments. Even after a decade of being forced to pay for the bankers' crisis through an extreme austerity, wage repression, public service cuts —brains can’t quiver. Only clap. Puzzled brains exposed as bricks in the same wall, safeguarding currencies.

Stacked Brains. Without air between we would cease to think but the crutches of technology provide to us a plausible inertia law which is piling up bricks. I’m wondering, what it took for our entire species, to evolve from grunts to gab? In the twentieth century we also witnessed the total application of techno-scientific knowledge to production. A population altogether petrified into a screen embracing the idea of a public good against a common enemy in what Spinoza wondered: “why do men fight for their servitude as if it were their freedom? As simple as man is awakened to have fear from men. 

But beyond this suffered opression, freedom very often becomes a sharp turn to interests and exploitation. The current coronavirus served us a finger buffet where we could see doomed inequalities in the drill of equality. Maybe it is time to make a few questions. Afro descendants and Asian, for example, why are dying at more than triple the rate of white Britons? Why, in a city as unequal as São Paulo can the mortality rate reach 60% in certain neighborhoods and in other neighbourhoods to 2%? Isn't it systemic racism?

Will the British government provide likely targets to demonstrate real leadership and reshape UK food system for the better? It’s really allowable the US imports into UK of low-quality foods? or chlorinated chickens?, food which won’t get on the lowest rung' of the UK's food-standards ladder.

More questions could be around the reversed medicine role, as can work as a fuel for disease. The use of antibiotics not only in the human species, but also in livestock, enhances bacteria resistance and encourages the appearance of bacterial strains that are increasingly difficult to fight. Vaccine production is late in the emergence of an epidemic. Patents, industrial secrets and the negotiation of pharmaceutical companies with the State delay the vaccine appliance in the infected population. Population had been compelled in twenty first century into an adaptation of the social forms of fear to new forms of love. Understanding the productivity as the maximum expression of methodological happiness framework. The control of memory. The simplest and cheapest solution. New technologies have introduced the possibility of making human cognitive outdated. So we are clamping in a cogni-totalitarian era.


We are heading towards a planet with three social classes: the powerful, the consumers and the excluded. By the way -happy lane- new technologies to design these new generations forms. Nothing new beneath the sky. It could be experimented as a regular anthropological rehab but sometimes seems that efforts at generalization by anthropology has forgotten its greatest discovery; that the human being always depended on cooperation, and not on an isolated fighting against others for supremacy. Only the Power suggested the latter.

“…the object is to change the heart and soul” 
 (Margaret Thatcher)


The state serves for example to the following. Italy; 60,000 immigrants pilled in concentration camps in Libya built by Marco Minntini's willingness, this slave bodies finally went to Sicily to pick tomatoes under the designs of agroindustrial companies. In such a world, the community disappears, the State does not exist and the tomato consumer must be connected 24 hours a day 7 days a week. The tomato customer is now locked at home watching tormented the news of the mass media. Such a society of greed! –he thinks. Netflix will be his better option. The customer is surrounded by evanescent landscapes and the State becomes magically a paper tiger in those eyes unable to feel.

Rather, this rhetoric of temporality reveals the political desire —don’t bypass the bidirectional sensorymotor-affective structures, imbedded in its thalamocortical networks, which had facilitated somewhat our relations to the material world in the past. As result; a harrowing zombie controlled by streams of analysed and activated data... 

"Whoever control the people's fears becomes master of their souls" -Niccolò Machiavelli 
 
...and furthermore which control the love and desire stories.














THE LOST ARKode



Today computer-mediated communication (CMC) plays a significant role in the formation of romantic relationships. How quickly cherished dreams are forgotten! How easy selfish people is fed! How insensitive the heart and soul could be? Crisis, what crisis? Elections, what elections? Citizens only needs a crush, a match, a sprinkle of sugar or hearing a boo boo bye bye to feel masters of the universe. Lingering on social relationships what permanently produce the disease; to foster its spread further domestication. Ding-a-ling. You had a crush. S/he could be covid.19 if no boo boo bye bye. In Spain we have next childish sentence “deshojando la margarita” that means “pulling the petals of the daisy” to play “she loves me, she loves me not”.  


These flowers are the last bastions of that petit bourgeoise in those 60s/70s when the revolution leaps and transitional demands intellectually stimulating hailed to matchmaker events into this new age of surveillance and biometrics. For understanding modern society regime, we have to open the (CMC) technologies of the “self”, I mean; humans always have been a dislocated felling of mimetic nostalgia, likely jittery desperation for alive in a perfect modus vivendi -@ digital home. A mobile E-space that can take us anywhere. Now in this moment is easy to imagine billions of communications happening among people who dwell into digital walls. Billions of videoconferences becoming more a doctrine than an activity. Or billions of happychondriac chaps and gals playing in their “doom eternal” videogames meanwhile their mothers are doing yoga online and sharing on Instagram a lavish cold dish of exotic food, waiting for likes elections. 
-
These previous weeks I was losing lots of time on different web dates to practice my English, or at least, to find someone to improve it. It was heartbreaking and I was near to die numbed in a binary outlook.  The handling of the system is simple. Auto-mate. Minds lurking raw flesh. The user has a profile with fancy pictures and it is presented for a quick consumption.  There are two type of persons. Those who look for someone to talk and share the same likes and those who look for a different kind of persons and have fishy discusses. They all become part of a virtual life having access to another virtual nest nicely feathered. I haven’t been very successful so I shut down those applications and looked for conversations on interpals, random cam videos, chat roulettes. Raid cheers in a duked spiral which engulf each one into a big platform on track more than a decade ago. I remember the web chats like “terra” where people nicknamed as “daddy20cmts” or “laddylush” exchanged a conversation among hundreds of daft folks having hailstone conversations. Speed texts messing around speed dating. Nowadays this (CMC) are linked with Facebook, Instagram to automate information and hence to automate us as a robot constantly supervised and linger the settled happiness.





A wearisome repetitive process could be found in politics. Even more striking if we listen to the droning folkloric promises. Surfing on internet to find information about “speed dating” origins etc. I stumbled with thousands of works for teachers as (Speed dating in Art Class, cool idea for an icebreaker!). One might mention W. Benjamin considering the decadence of arts and the arrival of the post-modernismsIt begins to be based on another practice: politics." "A reception in a state of distraction" allowing the audience to adopt a more critical but distanced attitude: "the public is an examiner, but a distracted tester." The audience to be “normal” and to be able to new norms maintains one’s own normative power. A lawful inequality. The long-desired modern development of petit-bourgeoisie society. One also might mention The manifest of Marx “"The bourgeoisie cannot exist except on the condition of incessantly revolutionizing the instruments of production and, by default, the relations of production, and with it all social relations” When I was recently using online dating for likely “talk-pals” based on matching algorithms my presentation card was —I’m not a robot and this application peeves me. I didn’t want to be exanimated likewise I didn’t judge you for have the Giaconda behind on a selfie let alone getting results. By that moment I could had around 20 chats each day in a not happy drilling mood. By moments I felt as a bunch of words into an ocean of hypertexts, using alternative forms of online interaction before the likelihood of swap numbers or Facebook. The digital attraction precedes the social attraction. Obviously through the engagement of mainstream media a parallel process occurs into politics. Here’s a new history of auto-confinement, auto-discipline and auto-punishment monitoring behavioural phenotypes, leanings and sensitivities
 

Here near mine isn’t any boo boo bye bye! to pull me up. Even if I listen to the labours or unions unveiling the half-truths of the government I can’t soothe my troubles. My heart is ripped because I don’t see my ex-other-significant months ago and I'm sure now she is using web dates. Maybe it was my fault. Now she may be swiping to the left, “he’s no my type” or swiping to the right “he’s my type”. After all, I haven't had any contact or conversation with anybody for months. My target when I was looking for chat-mates was clear, be judgmental and picky, increasing the likelihood to find the correct people. O’Poor Danny Boy! I still looking inwards to find and extirpate the pain bequeathed by the lack of human contact. Through the wishy washy of the digital conversations, the vital key for the coexistence is clean forgot. The social relations became the promise of a better future and it created me a type of “depressive disorder” and there isn’t any emoji which could heal me. This was because I implemented a prison system inside my body, a surveillance of behaviour. I mean; speed texting. Adapting the insignificance of my limits, I expand the hollowness of my own goals. I feel as a human conditioned by machines and makeshift hypertexts. This brutality turns my memory into a forced evanescence. When this horrible matters occurs I just get my bicycle and ride to a tranquil spot. Driven somewhat my head reminds some gentle reality almost forgotten and I close my eyes allowing the pain be released. Awakening the consciousness of the inner world to “aware” the outer world in a certain respect.


The art of conversation is dead, 
and almost everyone who knows how to speak 
will soon be dead. 
Guy Debord (1967)

 
S.O.S TO WOO major confraternities


I need to elaborate some precisions among consciousness and awareness. People's experiences nourish the unconscious and hence consciousness emerges. They are two lines traced that should be in parallel and connected, experiences nourishing unconsciousness; and the consciousness emerging. The consciousness is a process extended in time widely spread by an environmental and cultural scaffolding.

In no way (as the doctrines want to oversimplify) is consciousness an alien organ of awareness. Neither awareness is an acquired good. It is not the ability to distinguish good from evil that surrounds us.

To explain better this difference between consciousness and awareness and don’t be stranded outside this chapter I will take a blunt example; males and females emit a crap glow to attract mates, here is the flashing consciousness. A fancy picture that only gives us an instant of crap, mostly posted of their younger selves flourished with a timeless creepy conversation to bin swiftly. It’s a certain zombified use of language. Awareness could occur to me finding someone who draws me out of my knackered rut or admit defeat. I admit defeat. I did it by the only reason that I need to think, develop my aware meanwhile I reach out to someone. I’m not comfortable in a codified area as a zoomable-ego who only considers about his own thoughts, in this way losing contact with the reality and furthermore clutched to live in a world of illusions and trivial matters. Gloomy aware. Inasmuch the self-esteem believes in a natural bad nature human and making stronger the boundaries of the egos to protect themselves. A puppet with a neuronal subsumption entrenched into the cogni-capitalism. The aware as a biological peculiarity of the brain. *
*For deepest information see [Warren Neidich / Shoshana Zuboff / Nils Makauskas ].


































A place to be


Grammarians are prone to say that all stative verbs signify states, but they are wrong. Many do not. I may intend to go, but I cannot be in an intending state of mind. In the same way someone is not in a state of knowing but in an eager participation of hashtagging and homogenization of needs and consumption patterns. Encircled in an excess of images, excess of texts, in a nutshell; a difficult task for us to give meaning to the recent past. As a social phenomenon to block, to frustrate, to exclude, removing a place to be. The psychological inscriptions of Power in the surfaces of our minds is possible by the overaccelerated transmission of texts and meanings. The mental production of meaning is thus more needed than ever.

Yesterday -29 of May- I travelled to London. My thin wheeled bicycle came along with me by train until the marooned city. It was my first time there and I had the feeling to have been in a non-place, in a scrambled game of identities; monuments, leisure parks, encircled by rude streets to be rush through. Although in the gardens I saw many toy-men laser-shaved, fed by protein-shake someone staring at me… “I’m a man. I workhard” Yes, he has a good card and a personal hairdresser. This population is transformed into machines to support capitalism, exposed to a cyclic lifespan at the defined birth moment; the mandatory inoculation of vaccines, the essentially processed and transgenic food, fats and sugars; purely determinist teaching with vocations defined by mandatory programs and questionnaires in which our brothers, sisters and friends are reduced to the expression of human capital, in continuity with what has been pointed out and defined in the Bank's strategy and hairdresser for decades. Consequently, I’m the mugger urged to be stamped out as quickly possible. Me, also known as a man who walks between stony buildings, sanitized but bland, the lockdown doesn’t let me hear the music of pounds. I walk around those museums of looted art from hot exotic countries, the same colonized places where were born the ancestors of those cold-blooded Faquir who stared at me. Hormones Lives Matter.

Today-30 of May-  14 pacific protesters have been arrested and hauled for holding a cartoon, standing 4m away from other people in Parliament Square. Nevertheless, those parks where I was yesterday, this weekend are overcrowded massively. Even here in Cambridge the same weekend. It wasn’t strange to look a dead cow suffocated by picnic rubbish the same day. This same filthy people will be queuing with their car at McDonalds next rainy weekend.
today at Parliament Square
















The individual became a “case” and marks a mean fully shift in disciplinary technology. The individual punished merely sensor and data transmitter. Speed ​​texts. Inspectors of their own condition; scientists become qualified attendant, developing hypotheses that can serve to alleviate the disease; the private initiative becomes a developer of new services in the form of new applications aimed at cherish data for sweet use and stark interpretation.

Surfing by the E-net I found the next letter. David Cameron, Prime Minister’s letter to Cabinet Ministers on government transparency and open data», 2011… […so, as you know, transparency is at the heart of this government's agenda. We recognize that transparency and open data can become a powerful tool to help reform public services, to foster innovation, and to empower citizens. We also understand that transparency can be a significant catalyst for economic activity since open data can increasingly promote the creation of value for new services and applications.]

The individual became “dividual” as well depicted Deleuze in his essay Postcript. The dividual is a data innkeeper and everyone digs in. Fascinating national identity. The stimulation of the rush constructed on a settled happiness exceeds ducked desires and wreak havocs. People born after 1990 also known as generation snowflake or millennials, are considered to be excessively culturally sensitive, prone to take offense, emotionally vulnerable and selfish. Embedded frames? However, they know much better than I do that in 30 years the internet will be invisible, and know data transmission and communication between different home devices will be normal in an automated reality. They are much more aware than I am in addition to the massive technological dumps that are already scattered throughout Africa, and that more than 80% of the coltan comes from the Congo…

By the minute all generations of wholly world, work hard holding the GDP flag. John Maynard Keynes coined this model of measuring the economy at the end of the First World War. The GDP altogether captures a narrow and somewhat arbitrary slice of reality; goods and services that are –legally- sold.  After 1945 postcolonial states adopted GDP not because it was well suited to defining the farmhand economy of Turkey or India, but because it was a badge of nationhood. It still at steak. Political elite, the prompt incorporation of underdeveloped economies into global markets and the environmental crisis all render this vision nevertheless an obsolete Holy Grail.

There is no doubt that the evolution couldn’t happen without the new technics discovered developing the skills of humans and vice versa. But now high techs are on hands of a bunch of loonies and society itself becomes the new object of extraction and control, not as individuals rather -dividual profiles with hidden facts of automated engineered behaviour modes. Hobbes would come to describe a city set up according to a geometer king who shapes society according to the rules of geometric space. Here in this geometric space is the claiming Mr Committed, supporting the labours with a modified picture profile on his Facebook but take “hidden” action on Uber and AirBnB.

Nevertheless, these models, these profiles –bodies- manifest themselves in other mathematical modes, such as in statistics and probabilities. Developed into a global production line parasitizing in a digital-architecture of likely targets, for new development wells and validation of predictive modes. We are altogether in an inheritance of past centuries. On personal interest, as La Francois Rochefoucauld said; “Our virtues are most frequently but vices disguised." Self-complacency, thus, idolatry for oneself to become a tyrant of the Others. The Real Tyranny capitalize finally the incoming profits from the Self-love and fear-to-Other. It nourished the nationalism in the small allotment. The Tories and Party-Brexit flattered this ignorance and the so-called period of austerity. Nationalism is a political form of kinship, but not because of man's natural leanings, following the grim wrong pseudo-Hobbesian theory —Hate-Other, and Self-love— pushes man towards reason, as if it was a necessary technology, for short-term use.





A place to be me among Others


I found a place to be here in Cambridge. I moved five months ago and I was swiftly trapped. This town got away the destruction of the second world war unlike many other towns in England. It preserves the ancient buildings and the narrow and medieval streets. Green meadows, flourished gardens where Virginia Woolf, Wittgenstein, Darwin, Xu Zhimo or the Pink Floyd went for tea. The county is crossed by two major rivers embanked to irrigate productive farms. When the lockdown started I rode keen until disappear in any beautiful landscape. In spite of the lock measures I had kind talks with the villagers. Cambridge is not a big city. The centre is around only 0.5 square miles and regrettably, property prices are among the highest in the country. In the early months I lived at the scruffy Mill Road, multicultural street and warm people. But the last two months I’m living a bit away from the centre. My quite mates can still seat in front of their laptops around fifteen hours’ day. The pandemic ease teleworking. I just get my bicycle and ride to some calm place. Driven slightly by my heart and lungs. There is, a duty to be done. Poetry. Here it is -the midway of my life- where I feel a slight rebirth. I feel the will of meaning, the child who goes to the words in search of a meaning lodged in the being of people. There is, a way to survive dwelling a new language, a Text speaking on its own. Poetry, there is, a place to be among Others. It exceeds the codified prisons of the law. There, something breaks the silence.

Intimacy doesn’t have time to rest. It makes us feel alive. Intimacy is the poetry that builds the joy between reality and illusion. Infinite source. The real that is born by naming the disorder itself and is located between the symbolic and the imaginary world. To build a Text, hatching gestures; a body-text weaved of readings, meditations, and concrete practices, the -Others- should be pooled not to be overlooked but moved. I’m wondering by the minute about how many countrymen, fellah –using the arab. term- are waiting bewildered before the door law.  The mechanisms of displacement and segregation have been ruined the awakening intimacy; word. I don’t want to look as a preacher but is silence the phenomenon of the law what must be abolished. That wary silence dissolving its own defining boundaries. Not only the divine virtuality of statues and doors must be toppled.



Cambridge -five months ago








"Muteness belongs to the attribute of perfection” 
 Kafka, "Meditations





















Just six months ago when I applied the renewal of my british citizenship I thought it was easy to do. I was born here and until I reached the age of majority I held UK nationality. What a droll! To prove my identity, I had to send my old passport, my original britain naturalization, pay an amount and a long etc, and finally the most absurd part of this bureaucrazy, I had to find someone, out of a big list of specifications, to prove that I was living here as paramount importance. 

Even I had to wait four months to get my insurance number. Meanwhile my identity was withheld and the concealment still taking place, I’m in hands of the event of truth, I mean, in the hidden red tape. I shall be deemed illegal or superfluous. I applied for the Universal Credit a few weeks ago and I haven’t any foretaste by now.

Once when I did an employment interview in a famous recruitment service, before a wearisome form I had to fill the gap -what a race I was. In the application form  it was the omission of white supremacist race- but present at all around. In a relaxed chat with the agent came to light the reasons to be in England. I also commented the presence of the partner in that time. That happy boy asked me if she was a housekeeper or she was also as me looking for hospitality jobs. So I suggested that when he was at primary she was already crossing the world as anthropologist. There is no word fair enough to be thankful with her to push me into this present challenge and many other things although we don't share 'big' love anymore.

I’m writing this texts to keep up my language learning as an auto-ethnographical framework. I also write a diary to my lovely sister which is corrected by her cherished skills. I’m studying as much time as possible to improve my grammatical construction. It’s not as good as I’d like to be. So I proceed without a doubt, completing tasks one after the other according to routine, this description to encourage contemplation.






Speed text


When I started this second chapter the Government vowed thousands of speed tests to cope the virus and demanded people captivity to stay at home. At the time, Dominic Cummings, the advisor to the PM, left London and went to his second house, far away, when it was strictly prohibited. In the Council, Durham, has no record of this building having been registered for tax. The prime minister protected his acts at all costs. In the same time the leader PM did her first public occurrence after his coronavirus time. He said something like… “ahn… unexpected invisible mugger…we must wrestle it to the floor…”. According to the script the television give this news, some reporters are more critical than others, some programs including interviews to the good grief trust Business. Show must go on. The show must blast cool, and be expanded continuously, capitalism has poor inclination to stay at home but speeding texts. On April the Tories published the international death rate comparisons on a daily basis, until it became the highest in Europe, then published a big hypothetical number tested per day. The naked truth is that population struggle alone in their homes. The demand is globalized more and more in the strongly nationalized countries. These nations with a strong ideological baggage don’t disguise the legitimisation of its power by explicit, and systemic violence. The knight; the ancient divine right was necessary to legitimate the statutory difference unlike fear now. The coronavirus can’t withhold all these problems allocated in the shoes of the early capitalist settlers. Neither they are in crisis due to the coronavirus. Those countries had long time ago officially entered a recession. The coronavirus is merely result of the biopolitics of health.

What text could be lead from a captive body?

USA, which has the highest number of infected and dead, Spain and Italy, also on the affected podium, are three of the four countries that consume the most drugs in the world (USA is the first medication consumer, France, with many deaths as well, the second, Spain the third and Italy the fourth). England is also on the list of the highest death toll and drug use.


Today-7th of May-  millions of angry protesters turned out onto streets against the old systemic racism in the world. Dominant racial logics under the neoliberal biopolitics risks millions in the United States. I say old but I will finish this chapter with a quote. *     

     Before the Trumpian America, pharmaceutical companies patented drugs for heart failure to be used in African American patients. Race may not be biological, but racism, structural disadvantage, and the historical increase of pain patently have biological effects that sediment in the black body. The ultra-nationalist USA not should be surprising us. Because now not only the police are shooting in the back, the son of a KKK D. Trump enacted the army to harass people. In Europe the term “race” was abolished after 1945 but replaced by “culture” as a compacted reification but territorialised. The speed text of the european multiculturalism hides these strong splits.

 *If you follow me around Nordstrom, and put me in jail at nine times the rate of whites, and refuse to give me a bank loan, I might get hypertensive. What’s generating my increased blood pressure are the social forces at play, not my DNA.” The issue of black heart failure “was not biological or genetic in origin, but biological in effect due to stress-related outcomes of reduced access to valued social goods, such as employment, promotion, housing stock, etc. The effect was biological, not the origins.” *
*Troy Duster, “Medicine and People of Color: Unlikely Mix—Race, Biology, and Drugs,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 17, 2003


Ed van der Elsken - South Africa . 1968






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